轴对称矢量喷管三维传热计算研究

采用封闭腔理论算法，利用矢量喷管的三维内流场数值计算结果，对轴对称矢量喷管的壁温分布进行了数值计算。计算结果表明，在非矢量状态，喷管同一轴向位置处的周向壁温基本相同，壁温分布可按一维处理。在矢量状态，喷管同一轴向位置处的周向壁温相对差值达15％，壁温分布呈现复杂的形式，必须采用三维计算方法计算壁温分布；喷管扩张段壁温明显高于非矢量状态，所开发的计算方法和程序既可用于轴对称矢量喷管的工程设计，也可为试验验证提供理论依据。     

平面叶栅非定常流动试验方法研究

叶轮机内流的非定常流动特性对叶轮机的性能有重要影响，随着人们对内流非定常效应认识的逐步深入．研究内流非定常特性及其物理本质对提高叶轮机性能有着重要的意义。本文在平面叶栅试验器上进行了叶片表面分离流内旋涡的非定常特性测量和外加激励对叶栅性能影响的试验研究。     

Experimental Investigation on Performance of Pulse Detonation Rocket Engine Model

The PDRE test model used in these experiments utilized kerosene as the fuel, oxygen as oxidizer, and nitrogen as purge gas. The solenoid valves were employed to control intermittent supplies of kerosene, oxygen and purge gas. PDRE test model was 50 mm in inner diameter by 1.2 m long. The DDT （deflagration to detonation transition） enhancement device Shchelkin spiral was used in the test model. The effects of detonation frequency on its time-averaged thrust and specific impulse were experimentally investigated. The obtained results showes that the time-averaged thrust of PDRE test model was approximately proportional to the detonation frequency. For the detonation frequency 20 Hz, the time-averaged thrust was around 107 N, and the specific impulse was around 125 s. The nozzle experiments were conducted using PDRE test model with three traditional nozzles. The experimental results obtained demonstrated that all of those nozzles could augment the thrust and specific impulse. Among those three nozzles, the convergent nozzle had the largest increased augmentation, which was approximately 18%, under the specific condition of the experiment.     

对三向测力仪性能评价的探讨

三向干扰系数通常作为评价三向测力仪静态性能的一个重要参数。分析与实验证明这种评价方法不能真实反映测力仪在使用中的干扰情况,因而提出用平面干扰系数代替三向干扰系数来评价测力仪性能,并对测力仪在设计、制造、使用中的一些问题提出了看法。     

突片射流冲击冷却换热特性的实验

对涡激励突片的单排圆形射流冲击冷却特性进行了实验研究.主要对突片堵塞比、突片形状和突片安装角度对冲击换热特性的影响进行了实验研究, 并揭示了其影响规律.研究结果表明:在研究的参数范围内, 突片的几何形状及安装角对射流冲击换热有较显著的影响, 并根据其影响规律, 对突片的结构设计提出了有价值的参考意见.      

离散孔切向进气气膜冷却效率的实验

采用红外热像仪对具有不同孔径和排列方式的离散孔切向进气的气膜冷却结构的绝热壁温进行了测试,获得了气膜冷却效率随吹风比和无量纲流向距离变化的经验关联式。研究结果表明,在本文研究的参数范围内,离散孔切向进气气膜冷却的冷却效率随吹风比和气膜孔直径的增大而上升;在气膜孔板开孔率和吹风比相同时,由排型引起的冷却效率差异不是很大。      

齿间凸起对直通篦齿封严特性影响的数值研究

为提升篦齿的密封性能,对在齿间光滑衬套上增加矩形凸起的直通篦齿的流动特性进行了数值研究,分析了压比、凸起的尺寸和轴向位置对篦齿泄漏特性的影响。和光滑齿相比,凸起破坏了壁面射流附面层的连续性,改变了流体在齿腔中的流动方向,有效地提高了通道的密封性能,降低了通道的泄漏量。结果表明,当压比为2时,含有凸起结构的篦齿的泄漏系数较光滑齿降低了13%,当压比增加到4时,泄漏系数更是降低了18%;凸起的高度越大宽度越小,凸起对篦齿密封性能的提高就越明显;凸起和下级齿之间的轴向距离越短,凸起对流入下级齿的气体流动方向改变就越大,密封性能也就越好。     

环喉型圆锥塞式喷管的水下流动分离特性

将塞式喷管概念扩展到水下固体火箭发动机应用领域,为了研究高背压环境下塞式喷管的水下流动分离特性,建立水下塞式喷管流动分析模型,并采用流体体积法(VOF)两相流模型对设计马赫数2.0的环喉型圆锥塞式喷管水下工作时的过膨胀流场进行了气/水耦合数值模拟,计算考虑了气体的压缩性和粘性。计算结果显示:圆锥塞式喷管在水下的过膨胀流动也存在间歇性的颈缩、胀鼓以及回击等不稳定现象;与空气环境下的工作条件不同,气/水界面表现出类似于壁面的约束作用,塞锥外流场形成的波系结构由塞锥壁面和内喷管出口下游气/水界面共同决定;水下超声速气体射流的不稳定振荡引起喷管出口背压和气/水界面的脉动,塞锥表面的分离流场随射流的振荡而变化,根据流场激波结构以及塞锥表面分离特征的不同,可以区分为5种不同的分离流动形态;塞式喷管在水下和空气环境下的分离流动振荡的驱动机理不同,水下分离流场的振荡主要受气/液两相相互作用诱导的射流振荡过程的影响,分离流场附近壁面压强振荡频率覆盖0~1000Hz范围内的较宽频带,且没有显著的特征频率。     

A numerical model for bird strike on sidewall structure of an aircraft nose

In order to examine the potential of using the coupled smooth particles hydrodynamic(SPH) and finite element(FE) method to predict the dynamic responses of aircraft structures in bird strike events, bird-strike tests on the sidewall structure of an aircraft nose are carried out and numerically simulated. The bird is modeled with SPH and described by the Murnaghan equation of state, while the structure is modeled with finite elements. A coupled SPH–FE method is developed to simulate the bird-strike tests and a numerical model is established using a commercial software PAM-CRASH. The bird model shows no signs of instability and correctly modeled the break-up of the bird into particles. Finally the dynamic response such as strains in the skin is simulated and compared with test results, and the simulated deformation and fracture process of the sidewall structure is compared with images recorded by a high speed camera. Good agreement between the simulation results and test data indicates that the coupled SPH–FE method can provide a very powerful tool in predicting the dynamic responses of aircraft structures in events of bird strike.     

基于DOE优化湍流模型的SERN分离点预测数值模拟与实验验证

在SERN(Simple expansion ramp nozzle)中,流动分离现象伴随着激波/边界层相互干扰、强剪切层、强激波等复杂的流动现象,导致通用的计算流体力学软件对SERN中分离点、分离区和再附点的计算精度不能满足工程需要。为了提高SERN中分离点的计算精度,基于Allamaprabhu等的研究成果,针对Menter的SST(Shear stress transport)模型,将修改湍流模型经验参数的方法运用到SERN分离流动的预测中,并利用试验设计(Design of experiment,DOE)优化方法得到了经验参数的最优组合,使计算和实验的无量纲分离点和无量纲分离点压力的误差分别降至1.99%,4.38%,压力分布均方根误差降至7.83%。